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Jet Propulsion Laboratory (
JPL) is a NASA research center located in the cities of Pasadena, California and La Cañada Flintridge, California, near Los Angeles, California, USA. Managed by the California Institute of Technology (
Caltech), it builds and operates
unmanned spacecraft for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (
NASA). Among its current projects are the
Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
JPL's
Space Flight Operations Facility and
Twenty-five-foot Space Simulator are designated
National Historic Landmarks.
History
JPL dates back to the 1930s, when
Caltech professor Theodore von Kármán began running rocket propulsion experiments at the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory on the site. JPL was co-founded in 1944 with rocket scientists
Tsien Hsue-shen and Jack Parsons, which has led some to affectionately refer to it as the "Jack Parsons Lab." Despite its name, JPL has always been focused on developing and building rocket engines, not turbojets or other air-breathing jet engines; rockets were often called "jets" or "ramjets" before the mid-
1940s. During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces asked JPL to analyze the V2 rockets that were developed by
Nazi Germany, as well as work on other projects for the war effort. From this study, JPL developed the
Corporal missile. This project later evolved into the
MGM-29 Sergeant until it was discontinued in 1958.
By 1958, JPL's government affiliation was transferred to the new
NASA (NASA), and JPL's current mission of unmanned spaceflight began. JPL engineers designed and built the
Explorer programs, the U.S.'s first artificial satellites, as well as the unmanned
Ranger program and Surveyor program missions to the Moon that prepared the way for
Apollo program. JPL also led the way in interplanetary travel with the Mariner program missions to
Venus, Mars, and
Mercury (planet). In the 1970s, the more sophisticated
Viking program missions were sent to Mars, and the Voyager program missions were sent to Jupiter, Saturn, and beyond. The 1990s saw the Magellan probe mission to map Venus, the
Galileo (spacecraft) mission to orbit and intensively study Jupiter, and a new array of Mars missions including Mars Pathfinder and
Mars Global Surveyor. Currently, JPL operates the
Cassini-Huygens mission to orbit and intensively study Saturn, the
Stardust mission to cellect cometary dust, the
Spitzer Space Telescope, and three missions currently at Mars (Mars Odyssey, the Mars Exploration Rovers, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
Location
Almost all of the 177 acres (72 hectares) of the U.S. Government/NASA owned property that makes up the JPL campus is actually located in the city of La Cañada Flintridge, California, but the JPL main gate and several buildings are in Pasadena, California, so it maintains a Pasadena address (4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109). There has been periodic conflict between the two cities over the issue of which should be mentioned in the media as the home of the laboratory.
Employees
There are approximately 5,000 full-time Caltech employees, and typically a few thousand additional contractors working on any given day. NASA also has a resident office at the facility staffed by federal managers who oversee JPL's activities and work for NASA. There are also some Caltech graduate students, college student interns and co-op students.
In 2007, some employees are considering resigning or retiring early because of controversy over a new rebadging process that requires background investigations of all employees. The rebadging rules are designed to make JPL compliant with FIPS 201.
Open House days
The lab has an open house once a year on a Saturday and Sunday in May, when the public is invited to tour the facilities and see live demonstrations of JPL science and technology. More limited private tours are also available throughout the year if scheduled well in advance. Thousands of schoolchildren from Southern California and elsewhere visit the lab every year.
The 2007 Open House took place on May 19 & 20, 2007 and featured new missions like Dawn Mission and
Juno (spacecraft).
Other works
In addition to its government work, JPL has also assisted the nearby motion picture and television industries, by advising them about scientific accuracy in their productions. Science fiction shows advised by JPL include Babylon 5 and its sequel series
Crusade (TV series).
Funding
JPL is a federally funded research and development center (
FFRDC) managed and operated by
Caltech under a contract from NASA. JPL-run projects include the
Galileo probe Jupiter (planet) mission and the
Mars rovers, including the 1997 Mars Pathfinder and the twin
2003 Mars Exploration Rovers. JPL has sent unmanned missions to every planet in our solar system. JPL has also conducted extensive mapping missions of Earth. JPL manages the world-wide
Deep Space Network, with facilities in California's
Mojave Desert, in
Spain near Madrid and in Australia near
Canberra.
Missions
Listed chronologically, the following significant missions were partially sponsored by JPL. See this page for a complete list of missions.
List of directors
- Dr. Theodore von Kármán, 1938 – 1944
- Dr. Frank Malina, 1944 – 1946
- Dr. Louis Dunn, 1946 – October 1, 1954
- Dr. William Hayward Pickering, October 1, 1954 – March 31, 1976
- Dr. Bruce C. Murray, April 1, 1976 – June 30, 1982
- Dr. Lew Allen, Jr., July 22, 1982 – December 31, 1990
- Dr. Ed Stone, January 1, 1991 – April 30, 2001
- Dr. Charles Elachi, May 1, 2001 – Present http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jplhistory/learnmore/directors.php JPL Directors
References
External links
{| align="right"| |-| |-| |}
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (
JPL) is a
NASA research center located in the cities of
Pasadena, California and
La Cañada Flintridge, California, near Los Angeles, California, USA. Managed by the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), it builds and operates unmanned spacecraft for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (
NASA). Among its current projects are the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and the
Spitzer Space Telescope.
JPL's
Space Flight Operations Facility and
Twenty-five-foot Space Simulator are designated
National Historic Landmarks.
History
JPL dates back to the 1930s, when
Caltech professor Theodore von Kármán began running rocket propulsion experiments at the
Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory on the site. JPL was co-founded in 1944 with rocket scientists
Tsien Hsue-shen and
Jack Parsons, which has led some to affectionately refer to it as the "Jack Parsons Lab." Despite its name, JPL has always been focused on developing and building
rocket engines, not turbojets or other air-breathing jet engines; rockets were often called "jets" or "ramjets" before the mid-
1940s. During
World War II, the
United States Army Air Forces asked JPL to analyze the V2 rockets that were developed by Nazi Germany, as well as work on other projects for the war effort. From this study, JPL developed the Corporal missile. This project later evolved into the
MGM-29 Sergeant until it was discontinued in
1958.
By 1958, JPL's government affiliation was transferred to the new NASA (NASA), and JPL's current mission of unmanned spaceflight began. JPL engineers designed and built the Explorer programs, the U.S.'s first artificial satellites, as well as the unmanned Ranger program and
Surveyor program missions to the
Moon that prepared the way for Apollo program. JPL also led the way in interplanetary travel with the Mariner program missions to Venus,
Mars, and Mercury (planet). In the 1970s, the more sophisticated Viking program missions were sent to Mars, and the Voyager program missions were sent to Jupiter,
Saturn, and beyond. The 1990s saw the Magellan probe mission to map Venus, the
Galileo (spacecraft) mission to orbit and intensively study Jupiter, and a new array of Mars missions including Mars Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor. Currently, JPL operates the
Cassini-Huygens mission to orbit and intensively study Saturn, the Stardust mission to cellect cometary dust, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and three missions currently at Mars (
Mars Odyssey, the Mars Exploration Rovers, and
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
Location
Almost all of the 177 acres (72 hectares) of the U.S. Government/NASA owned property that makes up the JPL campus is actually located in the city of La Cañada Flintridge, California, but the JPL main gate and several buildings are in
Pasadena, California, so it maintains a Pasadena address (4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109). There has been periodic conflict between the two cities over the issue of which should be mentioned in the media as the home of the laboratory.
Employees
There are approximately 5,000 full-time Caltech employees, and typically a few thousand additional contractors working on any given day. NASA also has a resident office at the facility staffed by federal managers who oversee JPL's activities and work for NASA. There are also some Caltech graduate students, college student interns and co-op students.
In 2007, some employees are considering resigning or retiring early because of controversy over a new rebadging process that requires background investigations of all employees. The rebadging rules are designed to make JPL compliant with
FIPS 201.
Open House days
The lab has an open house once a year on a Saturday and Sunday in May, when the public is invited to tour the facilities and see live demonstrations of JPL science and technology. More limited private tours are also available throughout the year if scheduled well in advance. Thousands of schoolchildren from Southern California and elsewhere visit the lab every year.
The 2007 Open House took place on May 19 & 20, 2007 and featured new missions like
Dawn Mission and Juno (spacecraft).
Other works
In addition to its government work, JPL has also assisted the nearby motion picture and television industries, by advising them about scientific accuracy in their productions. Science fiction shows advised by JPL include
Babylon 5 and its sequel series Crusade (TV series).
Funding
JPL is a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) managed and operated by
Caltech under a contract from NASA. JPL-run projects include the Galileo probe
Jupiter (planet) mission and the
Mars rovers, including the
1997 Mars Pathfinder and the twin
2003 Mars Exploration Rovers. JPL has sent unmanned missions to every
planet in our solar system. JPL has also conducted extensive mapping missions of
Earth. JPL manages the world-wide Deep Space Network, with facilities in
California's Mojave Desert, in Spain near Madrid and in Australia near
Canberra.
Missions
Listed chronologically, the following significant missions were partially sponsored by JPL. See this page for a complete list of missions.
List of directors
- Dr. Theodore von Kármán, 1938 – 1944
- Dr. Frank Malina, 1944 – 1946
- Dr. Louis Dunn, 1946 – October 1, 1954
- Dr. William Hayward Pickering, October 1, 1954 – March 31, 1976
- Dr. Bruce C. Murray, April 1, 1976 – June 30, 1982
- Dr. Lew Allen, Jr., July 22, 1982 – December 31, 1990
- Dr. Ed Stone, January 1, 1991 – April 30, 2001
- Dr. Charles Elachi, May 1, 2001 – Present http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jplhistory/learnmore/directors.php JPL Directors
References
External links
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The lead U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the lead U.S. center for robotic exploration of the solar system. JPL spacecraft have visited all known planets except Pluto (a Pluto mission is ...
Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a NASA research center located in the cities of Pasadena and La Cañada Flintridge, near Los Angeles, California, USA.
Mars Exploration: Home
Vibration of the screen above a laboratory oven on NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Saturday succeeded in getting enough soil into the oven to begin analysis.
A Byte of Python
Abstract This book will help you to learn the Python programming language. This book is meant for readers with zero programming experience. However, experienced ...
EDUCATION.JPL.NASA.GOV - JPL Education Gateway
Welcome to the JPL Education Gateway. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is NASA's lead center for the robotic exploration of space. JPL and NASA support many educational programs ...
SCIGN at JPL
Engineering and Data || Education || Satellite Geodesy and Geodynamics Systems Group || Overview . Privacy/Copyright
Imaging Radar Home Page at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Imaging Radar @ southport ... On the web since July, 1994
Imagine Mars Home Page
NASA Privacy Statement
NASA - JPL
Cassini has pinpointed precisely where the icy jets erupt from the surface of Saturn's geologically active moon Enceladus.
